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Joseph Athanase Gaston Paul Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer ((:pɔl dumɛːʀ); 22 March 1857 – 7 May 1932) was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination. ==Biography== He was born in Aurillac, in the Cantal ''département'', in France on 22 March 1857. Alumnus of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.〔(Alumnus of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers )〕 He became a professor of mathematics at Mende in 1877. In 1878 he married Blanche Richel, whom he had met at college. They had eight children, five of whom were killed in the First World War (including the French air ace René Doumer). From 1879 until 1883 he was professor at Remiremont, before leaving on health grounds. He then became chief editor of ''Courrier de l'Aisne'', a French regional newspaper. Initiated into Freemasonry in 1879, at "L'Union Fraternelle" lodge, he became Grand Secretary of Grand Orient de France in 1892.〔Dictionnaire de la Franc-Maçonnerie, page 363 (Daniel Ligou, Presses Universitaires de France, 2006)〕〔Dictionnaire universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie, page 245 (Marc de Jode, Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara, ed. Larousse , 2011)〕〔Histoire de la Franc-Maçonnerie française (Pierre Chevallier, ed. Fayard, 1975)〕 He entered politics in 1888, and was briefly Minister of Finance of France (1895-1896). He was Governor-General of French Indochina from 1897 to 1902. Upon his arrival the colonies were losing millions of francs each year. Determined to put them on a paying basis he levied taxes on opium, wine and the salt trade. The Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians who could or would not pay these taxes, lost their houses and land, and often became day laborers. He established Indochina as a market for French products and a source of profitable investment by French businessmen. The Long Bien Bridge was built during his term as Governor-General and was named for him. It became a well-known landmark and target for US pilots during the Vietnam War. After returning from French Indochina, Doumer served as President of the Chamber of Deputies (a post equivalent to the speaker of parliament) from 1902 to 1905. He became Minister of Finance of France again in 1925 when Louis Loucheur resigned. He then served as President of the French Senate from 1927 until the 1931 presidential election. He was elected President of the French Republic on 13 May 1931, defeating the better known Aristide Briand, and replacing Gaston Doumergue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Doumer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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